People

Verena Hafner

Principal Investigator

Developmental Robotics

HU Berlin

 

Email:

 

Photo: SCIoI

← People Overview

Verena Hafner

Verena Hafner

Photo: SCIoI

Verena Hafner is Professor of Adaptive Systems at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Head of the Adaptive Systems Group at the Department of Computer Science. For SCIoI, she represents the synthetic discipline of robotics. She focuses on sensorimotor interaction and development. She has investigated open-ended development and social interaction in artificial agents that attracted high interest in the cognitive and developmental robotics community and she has substantial experience in interdisciplinary cooperation.


Projects

Verena Hafner is member of:


6984777 Hafner 1 apa 50 date desc year 19860 https://www.scienceofintelligence.de/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22FCZS2ZMD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ackermann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-06-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAckermann%2C%20H.%2C%20Lange%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Dumont%2C%20H.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282026%29.%20Real-time%20cognitive-affective%20dynamics%20of%20failure%20feedback%20in%20a%20technology-based%20learning%20task.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCommunications%20Psychology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B4%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2095.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs44271-026-00487-8%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs44271-026-00487-8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Real-time%20cognitive-affective%20dynamics%20of%20failure%20feedback%20in%20a%20technology-based%20learning%20task%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dumont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20technology-based%20learning%20environments%20increasingly%20employ%20automated%20feedback%2C%20understanding%20how%20learners%20process%20feedback%20in%20real%20time%20is%20essential.%20This%20study%20examined%20how%20automated%20cognitive%20and%20metacognitive%20failure%20feedback%20delivered%20by%20a%20humanoid%20robot%20affected%20performance%20and%20how%20effects%20were%20moderated%20by%20feedback%20characteristics%20and%20learner%20characteristics.%20Ninety%20adults%20%2818-59%20years%2C%20Mage%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200929.53%2C%2061%20female%2C%2027%20male%2C%202%20diverse%29%20completed%20a%20learning%20task%20in%20three%20conditions%3A%20%281%29%20fixed%20guidance%20condition%20with%20fixed-frequency%20and%20content-generic%20feedback%2C%20%282%29%20basic-adaptive%20condition%20with%20frequency-adaptive%20but%20content-generic%20feedback%2C%20or%20%283%29%20personalized-adaptive%20condition%20with%20frequency-adaptive%20and%20content-personalized%20feedback%20adjusting%20content%20to%20learners%20specific%20errors%20and%20prior%20steps.%20A%20three-level%20generalized%20path%20model%20%28trials%20nested%20within%20time%20blocks%20within%20learners%29%20was%20estimated%20to%20investigate%20effects%20of%20failure%20feedback%20on%20immediate%20task%20performance%20and%20cross-level%20moderation%20effects.%20Results%20showed%20that%20cognitive%20and%20metacognitive%20failure%20feedback%20increased%20the%20likelihood%20of%20a%20correct%20subsequent%20response%20across%20conditions.%20Relative%20to%20fixed%20guidance%20%28condition%201%29%2C%20the%20implemented%20form%20of%20frequency-adaptive%20feedback%20%28condition%202%29%20did%20not%20show%20statistically%20significant%20moderation%20to%20these%20effects.%20Content-personalized%20feedback%20%28condition%203%29%20reduced%20effectiveness%20of%20cognitive%20failure%20feedback%20on%20immediate%20performance%20but%20improved%20overall%20performance%20as%20compared%20to%20content-generic%20feedback%20%28condition%202%29.%20Across%20conditions%2C%20learners%20with%20higher%20cognitive%20ability%20benefited%20less%2C%20while%20those%20reporting%20higher%20momentary%20on-task%20boredom%20benefited%20more%20from%20cognitive%20feedback.%20These%20findings%20highlight%20that%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20automated%20failure%20feedback%20depends%20on%20both%20its%20design%20and%20learners%5Cu2019%20situational%20cognitive%20and%20emotional%20states%2C%20illustrating%20how%20a%20situational%2C%20temporally%20sensitive%20approach%20can%20help%20open%20the%20%5Cu201cblack%20box%5Cu201d%20of%20feedback%20effectiveness.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-06-12%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs44271-026-00487-8%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs44271-026-00487-8%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222731-9121%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2256RJDQ9D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHenke%2C%20A.%2C%20Harley%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Matin%2C%20N.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282026%29.%20Multimodal%20perspectives%20on%20affective%20dynamics%20in%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLearning%20and%20Instruction%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B103%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20102310.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2025.102310%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2025.102310%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multimodal%20perspectives%20on%20affective%20dynamics%20in%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Negar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnResearch%20has%20highlighted%20the%20relevance%20of%20affective%20processes%20for%20learning%20but%20often%20relies%20on%20self-reports%20without%20accounting%20for%20inter-%20and%20intraindividual%20dynamics.%20Multimodal%20research%20allows%20for%20a%20more%20comprehensive%20assessment%20of%20these%20dynamics.%20Most%20multimodal%20studies%2C%20however%2C%20rely%20on%20lab%20contexts%2C%20reducing%20ecological%20validity%20of%20results.%20The%20present%20study%20aims%20to%20address%20this%20gap.%5CnAims%5CnWe%20examine%20situated%20inter-%20and%20intraindividual%20variability%20in%20concurrent%20activity%20emotions%20and%20affective%20activation%20and%20their%20interrelations%20with%20learning%20behaviour%20%28prompt%20compliance%29%20and%20domain%20knowledge%20after%20learning%20in%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system.%5CnSample%5CnThe%20sample%20consisted%20of%2083%20students%20%28Mage%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a015.52%2C%20SD%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a01.90%3B%20girls%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a056.6%5Cu00a0%25%29%20from%20four%20secondary%20schools.%5CnMethods%5CnWe%20combined%20logfile%20data%20%28prompt%20compliance%29%2C%20with%20electrodermal%20activity%20assessment%20%28affective%20activation%29%2C%20standardized%20tests%20data%20%28domain%20knowledge%29%2C%20and%20two%20types%20of%20self-report%20data%3A%20experience-sampling%20to%20capture%20concurrent%20activity%20emotions%20over%20time%20and%20topic-related%20emotions.%20Two-level%20dynamic%20structural%20equation%20models%20were%20applied.%5CnResults%5CnResults%20revealed%20concurrent%20emotions%20and%20prompt%20compliance%20to%20be%20self-predictive%20over%20time.%20Topic-related%20boredom%20and%20confusion%20were%20linked%20to%20concurrent%20boredom%20and%20confusion.%20Person-level%20affective%20activation%20negatively%20predicted%20person-level%20domain%20knowledge%20after%20learning%2C%20suggesting%20high%20activation%20may%20deplete%20cognitive%20resources.%20Topic-related%20boredom%20and%20confusion%20positively%20predicted%20increases%20in%20aggregated%20affective%20activation%2C%20suggesting%20these%20emotions%20drive%20activation.%5CnConclusions%5CnThe%20study%20shows%20that%20once%20an%20emotion%20is%20established%2C%20it%20can%20persist%20for%20the%20learning%20session%20and%20that%20especially%20initial%20boredom%20can%20be%20detrimental%20for%20following%20learning%20processes%20and%20that%20particularly%20affective%20activation%20can%20deplete%20learning%20performance%20%28domain%20knowledge%20after%20learning%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-06-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2025.102310%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0959475225002348%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220959-4752%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A03%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XN5GCK3C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yordanova%20and%20Hafner%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYordanova%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282026%29.%20Demonstration-Guided%20Reinforcement%20Learning%20for%20Continuous%20Sensorimotor%20Learning%20in%20Dynamic%20Environments.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BIOP%20Conference%20Series%3A%20Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B1343%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20012020.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1757-899X%5C%2F1343%5C%2F1%5C%2F012020%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1757-899X%5C%2F1343%5C%2F1%5C%2F012020%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Demonstration-Guided%20Reinforcement%20Learning%20for%20Continuous%20Sensorimotor%20Learning%20in%20Dynamic%20Environments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yordanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20investigates%20the%20mechanisms%20of%20sensorimotor%20learning%20in%20humanoid%20robots%2C%20taking%20cues%20from%20child%20development%20and%20insights%20from%20developmental%20psychology%20and%20parent-infant%20embodied%20interactions.%20It%20emphasizes%20the%20use%20of%20demonstration-guided%20reinforcement%20learning%20%28Demo-RL%29%2C%20where%20expert%20feedback%20helps%20shaping%20robot%20behavior.%20By%20incorporating%20computational%20demonstrations%20into%20the%20online%20learning%20loop%2C%20the%20approach%20enables%20robots%20to%20physically%20adapt%20and%20recover%20from%20unexpected%20sensorimotor%20disturbances%20in%20real%20time.%20This%20work%20aims%20to%20provide%20a%20framework%20that%20supports%20and%20advances%20research%20into%20the%20emergence%20of%20complex%20nonverbal%20social%20behaviors%20in%20robotic%20systems.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22IOP%20Conference%20Series%3A%20Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%225th%20International%20Conference%20on%20Embodied%20Intelligence%20%28EI%202025%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-03%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1088%5C%2F1757-899X%5C%2F1343%5C%2F1%5C%2F012020%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1757-899X%5C%2F1343%5C%2F1%5C%2F012020%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221757-899X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223979VRJJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ackermann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-02-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAckermann%2C%20H.%2C%20Lange%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282025%29.%20How%20adaptive%20social%20robots%20influence%20cognitive%2C%20emotional%2C%20and%20self-regulated%20learning.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientific%20Reports%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%206581.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-025-91236-0%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-025-91236-0%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20adaptive%20social%20robots%20influence%20cognitive%2C%20emotional%2C%20and%20self-regulated%20learning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20educational%20environments%20become%20more%20diverse%2C%20adaptive%20technologies%20like%20social%20robots%20hold%20promise%20for%20providing%20individual%20support%20to%20learners.%20This%20study%20investigated%20the%20role%20of%20adaptive%20teaching%20of%20a%20robot%20on%20students%5Cu2019%20learning%20outcomes%2C%20emotions%2C%20and%20self-regulated%20learning%20%28SRL%29.%20A%20total%20of%20120%20participants%20%28aged%2018%5Cu201360%20years%2C%20Mage%20%3D%2030.25%2C%20SDage%20%3D%2010.06%2C%2064.3%25%20female%29%20engaged%20in%20an%20interactive%20vocabulary%20learning%20task%20with%20varying%20guidance%20levels%20by%20the%20robot.%20Control%20conditions%20included%20fixed%20guidance%2C%20offering%20either%20simple%20guidance%20with%20no%20hints%20%28condition%201%29%20or%20enhanced%20guidance%2C%20constantly%20adding%20hints%20%28condition%202%29.%20In%20the%20adaptive%20conditions%2C%20the%20robot%20adjusted%20the%20number%20of%20hints%20based%20on%20learners%5Cu2019%20recent%20performance%20and%20enjoyment%20%28condition%203%29%20or%20additionally%20personalized%20hints%20to%20specific%20mistakes%20%28condition%204%29.%20The%20results%20showed%20no%20direct%20or%20indirect%20effects%20of%20adaptive%20guidance%20on%20task%20performance%20or%20cognitive%20learning%20compared%20to%20fixed%20guidance.%20Instead%2C%20adaptive%20guidance%20significantly%20reduced%20on-task%20enjoyment%20compared%20to%20enhanced%20guidance%2C%20suggesting%20that%20unexpected%20variability%20in%20robot%20behavior%20may%20negatively%20affect%20emotional%20learning%20experience.%20However%2C%20personalized%20adaptive%20guidance%20increased%20certain%20SRL%20behaviors%2C%20indirectly%20benefiting%20learning%20outcomes.%20These%20findings%20highlight%20the%20need%20for%20further%20refinement%20of%20adaptive%20social%20robots%20to%20better%20meet%20individual%20learner%20needs%20and%20optimize%20outcomes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-02-24%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-025-91236-0%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41598-025-91236-0%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A03%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H4UFNK22%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ackermann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-01-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAckermann%2C%20H.%2C%20Henke%2C%20A.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282025%29.%20Physical%20embodiment%20and%20anthropomorphism%20of%20AI%20tutors%20and%20their%20role%20in%20student%20enjoyment%20and%20performance.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNpj%20Science%20of%20Learning%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B10%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%201.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41539-024-00293-z%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41539-024-00293-z%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical%20embodiment%20and%20anthropomorphism%20of%20AI%20tutors%20and%20their%20role%20in%20student%20enjoyment%20and%20performance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ackermann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Rising%20interest%20in%20artificial%20intelligence%20in%20education%20reinforces%20the%20demand%20for%20evidence-based%20implementation.%20This%20study%20investigates%20how%20tutor%20agents%5Cu2019%20physical%20embodiment%20and%20anthropomorphism%20%28student-reported%20sociability%2C%20animacy%2C%20agency%2C%20and%20disturbance%29%20relate%20to%20affective%20%28on-task%20enjoyment%29%20and%20cognitive%20%28task%20performance%29%20learning%20within%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system%20%28ITS%29.%20Data%20from%2056%20students%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20M%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200917.75%5Cu2009years%2C%20SD%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20092.63%5Cu2009years%3B%2030.4%25%20female%29%2C%20working%20with%20an%20emotionally-adaptive%20version%20of%20the%20ITS%20%5Cu201cBetty%5Cu2019s%20Brain%5Cu201d%2C%20were%20analyzed.%20The%20ITS%5Cu2019%20agents%20were%20either%20depicted%20as%20on-screen%20robots%20%28condition%20A%29%20or%20as%20both%20on-screen%20avatars%20and%20physical%20robots%20%28condition%20B%29.%20Physical%20presence%20of%20the%20tutor%20agent%20was%20not%20significantly%20related%20to%20task%20performance%20or%20anthropomorphism%2C%20but%20to%20higher%20initial%20on-task%20enjoyment.%20Student-reported%20disturbance%20was%20negatively%20related%20to%20initial%20on-task%20enjoyment%2C%20and%20student-reported%20sociability%20was%20negatively%20related%20to%20task%20performance.%20While%20physical%20robots%20may%20increase%20initial%20on-task%20enjoyment%2C%20students%5Cu2019%20perception%20of%20certain%20characteristics%20may%20hinder%20learning%2C%20providing%20implications%20for%20designing%20social%20robots%20for%20education.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-01-08%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41539-024-00293-z%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41539-024-00293-z%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222056-7936%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A57%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224BWRYWSU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yordanova%20and%20Hafner%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYordanova%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282025%29.%20Memory-Feedback%20Controllers%20for%26%23xA0%3BLifelong%20Sensorimotor%20Learning%20in%26%23xA0%3BHumanoid%20Robots.%20In%20O.%20Brock%20%26amp%3B%20J.%20Krichmar%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFrom%20Animals%20to%20Animats%2017%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%20275%26%23x2013%3B286%29.%20Springer%20Nature%20Switzerland.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-71533-4_21%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-71533-4_21%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Memory-Feedback%20Controllers%20for%5Cu00a0Lifelong%20Sensorimotor%20Learning%20in%5Cu00a0Humanoid%20Robots%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yordanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oliver%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krichmar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20use%20of%20humanoid%20robots%20within%20the%20field%20of%20neuroscience%20has%20gained%20substantial%20interest%20in%20recent%20years%2C%20specifically%20as%20a%20means%20to%20implement%20and%20assess%20biological%20concepts.%20This%20conceptual%20paper%20addresses%20the%20vital%20challenge%20of%20uncertainty%20in%20the%20context%20of%20lifelong%20bio-inspired%20sensorimotor%20learning.%20Inspired%20by%20insights%20from%20developmental%20and%20neuroscientific%20studies%2C%20we%20examine%20the%20role%20of%20self-learning%2C%20exploration%2C%20and%20coordination%20dynamics.%20Building%20on%20principles%20derived%20from%20neural%20mechanisms%20and%20the%20concept%20of%20brain%20plasticity%2C%20we%20represent%20a%20robot%5Cu2019s%20internal%20sensorimotor%20model%20and%20its%20synaptic-like%20re-organizational%20changes%20through%20dynamic%20self-organizing%20maps.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22From%20Animals%20to%20Animats%2017%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22SAB%202024%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-71533-4_21%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-71533-4%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NQZ5INCH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yordanova%20and%20Hafner%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYordanova%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282025%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHuman-in-the-Loop%20Lifelong%20Visuomotor%20Edge-Case%20Adaptation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPoster%5D.%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human-in-the-Loop%20Lifelong%20Visuomotor%20Edge-Case%20Adaptation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yordanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T10%3A44%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F8M597RB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mellmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-03-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMellmann%2C%20H.%2C%20Arbuzova%2C%20P.%2C%20Kontogiorgos%2C%20D.%2C%20Yordanova%2C%20M.%2C%20Haensel%2C%20J.%20X.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bryson%2C%20J.%20J.%20%282024%29.%20Effects%20of%20Transparency%20in%20Humanoid%20Robots%20-%20A%20Pilot%20Study.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCompanion%20of%20the%202024%20ACM%5C%2FIEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Human-Robot%20Interaction%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20750%26%23x2013%3B754.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3610978.3640613%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3610978.3640613%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20Transparency%20in%20Humanoid%20Robots%20-%20A%20Pilot%20Study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heinrich%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Polina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arbuzova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dimosthenis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kontogiorgos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yordanova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haensel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanna%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bryson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Companion%20of%20the%202024%20ACM%5C%2FIEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Human-Robot%20Interaction%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22HRI%20%2724%3A%20ACM%5C%2FIEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Human-Robot%20Interaction%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-03-11%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1145%5C%2F3610978.3640613%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22979-8-4007-0323-2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdl.acm.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3610978.3640613%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A55%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PWB8NFLU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20H%26%23xFC%3Bbert%2C%20H.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282024%29.%20Design%20Based%20Research%20of%26%23xA0%3BMultimodal%20Robotic%20Learning%20Companions.%20In%20A.%20M.%20Olney%2C%20I.-A.%20Chounta%2C%20Z.%20Liu%2C%20O.%20C.%20Santos%2C%20%26amp%3B%20I.%20I.%20Bittencourt%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArtificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Education%20%28AIED%202024%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%2097%26%23x2013%3B104%29.%20Springer%20Nature%20Switzerland.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-64312-5_12%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-64312-5_12%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Design%20Based%20Research%20of%5Cu00a0Multimodal%20Robotic%20Learning%20Companions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Irene-Angelica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chounta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zitao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Santos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ig%20Ibert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bittencourt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20presents%20some%20initial%20findings%20from%20a%20design-based%20research%20study%20on%20multimodal%20robotic%20language%20learning%20companions.%20The%20study%20involved%20designing%20four%20robots%20with%20varying%20physical%20modalities%2C%20including%20two%20humanoid%20%28Pepper%20and%20Nao%29%20and%20two%20non-humanoid%20%28Cozmo%20and%20MyKeepOn%29%2C%20to%20interact%20empathetically%20with%20participants%20during%20language%20learning%20scenarios.%20One%20German%20teacher%20participated%20in%20the%20development%20of%20these%20interactive%20scenarios.%20Pre-%20and%20post-tests%20were%20conducted%20to%20measure%20learning%20gains%2C%20and%20a%20survey%20was%20administered%20to%20gather%20insights%20from%20participants.%20The%20results%20showed%20that%20all%20participants%20exhibited%20improvements%20in%20targeted%20behaviors%20between%20pre-%20and%20post-tests%2C%20specifically%20by%20using%20longer%20and%20more%20grammatically%20correct%20sentences%20in%20their%20responses.%20However%2C%20unlike%20the%20strong%20preference%20for%20NAO%2C%20the%20survey%20revealed%20that%20Cozmo%20had%20the%20most%20characteristics%20of%20a%20learning%20companion.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Education%20%28AIED%202024%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-64312-5_12%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-64312-5%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A01%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SN592QD4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Musiolek%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMusiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20Bierbach%2C%20D.%2C%20Weimar%2C%20N.%2C%20Hamon%2C%20M.%2C%20Krause%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282024%29.%20Evolving%20Artificial%20Neural%20Networks%20for%26%23xA0%3BSimulating%20Fish%20Social%20Interactions.%20In%20S.%20Smith%2C%20J.%20Correia%2C%20%26amp%3B%20C.%20Cintrano%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BApplications%20of%20Evolutionary%20Computation%20%28EvoApplications%202024%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%20146%26%23x2013%3B161%29.%20Springer%20Nature%20Switzerland.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-56852-7_10%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-56852-7_10%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evolving%20Artificial%20Neural%20Networks%20for%5Cu00a0Simulating%20Fish%20Social%20Interactions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nils%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weimar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Myriam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jo%5Cu00e3o%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Correia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cintrano%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Can%20we%20use%20computational%20modeling%20to%20infer%20whether%20fish%20can%20remember%20or%20anticipate%20each%20other%5Cu2019s%20movements%3F%20What%20minimum%20of%20temporal%20input%20and%20internal%20complexity%20is%20sufficient%20to%20model%20a%20specific%20fish%2C%20or%20to%20produce%20generally%20%5Cu201cfish-like%5Cu201d%20behavior%3F%20Agent-based%20modeling%20to%20emulate%20biological%20behavior%20has%20been%20used%20to%20great%20effect%2C%20both%20in%20real-world%20and%20simulated%20experiments.%20We%20present%20feedforward%20neural%20network%20architectures%20for%20simulating%20fish%20social%20interactions%2C%20evolved%20using%20evolution%20strategies%20in%20two%20different%20experiments.%20Evolution%20of%20the%20temporal%20input%20of%20the%20partner%20fish%5Cu2019s%20position%20when%20testing%20models%20on%20labeled%20data%20uncovers%20anticipation%20or%20memory%20capacities%20used%20by%20a%20focal%20fish.%20When%20testing%20via%20a%20general%20discriminator%20for%20fish-like%20trajectories%2C%20the%20right%20neural%20network%20architecture%20and%20temporal%20input%20are%20shown%20to%20be%20a%20necessary%2C%20but%20insufficient%20condition%20for%20highly%20lifelike%20simulations.%20Lifelike%20simulations%20for%20some%20datasets%20are%20possible%20as%20simple%20functions%20of%20the%20input%2C%20showing%20variability%20in%20the%20complexity%20of%20individual%20fish%5Cu2019s%20social%20behaviors.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Applications%20of%20Evolutionary%20Computation%20%28EvoApplications%202024%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-56852-7_10%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-56852-7%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A00%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DWY55USZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHenke%2C%20A.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282024%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLernen%20mit%20sozialen%20Robotern%20und%20intelligenten%20tutoriellen%20Systemen%20-%20Welche%20Rolle%20spielen%20wahrgenommenes%20soziales%20Interaktionsverhalten%20des%20Roboters%2C%20Lernfreude%20und%20kognitive%20Belastung%20f%26%23xFC%3Br%20den%20Lernfortschritt%3F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Gesellschaft%20f%26%23xFC%3Br%20Empirische%20Bildungsforschung%20%28GEBF2024%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lernen%20mit%20sozialen%20Robotern%20und%20intelligenten%20tutoriellen%20Systemen%20-%20Welche%20Rolle%20spielen%20wahrgenommenes%20soziales%20Interaktionsverhalten%20des%20Roboters%2C%20Lernfreude%20und%20kognitive%20Belastung%20f%5Cu00fcr%20den%20Lernfortschritt%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22Gesellschaft%20f%5Cu00fcr%20Empirische%20Bildungsforschung%20%28GEBF2024%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T10%3A44%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T6P78RUV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHenke%2C%20A.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Westphal%2C%20A.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282024%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BGender-related%20perceptions%20of%20robotic%20tutoring%20agents%20in%20human-robot%20interaction%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Gender%20%26amp%3B%20STEM%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Gender-related%20perceptions%20of%20robotic%20tutoring%20agents%20in%20human-robot%20interaction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Westphal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22Gender%20%26%20STEM%20Conference%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T10%3A44%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DCP3NAMZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Henke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHenke%2C%20A.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Omarchevska%2C%20Y.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282024%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBehavioral%20Profiles%2C%20Motivation%20and%20Emotions%20in%20an%20Intelligent%20Tutoring%20System%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20International%20Conference%20on%20motivation%20%28ICM%29%202024.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Behavioral%20Profiles%2C%20Motivation%20and%20Emotions%20in%20an%20Intelligent%20Tutoring%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yoana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omarchevska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22International%20Conference%20on%20motivation%20%28ICM%29%202024%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T10%3A44%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A9UHJQHN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eiserbeck%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEiserbeck%2C%20A.%2C%20Wudarczyk%2C%20O.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Abdel%20Rahman%2C%20R.%20%282024%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCommunicative%20context%20enhances%20emotional%20word%20processing%20with%20human%20speakers%20but%20not%20with%20robots%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPoster%5D.%20Association%20for%20the%20Scientific%20Study%20of%20Consciousness%20%28ASSC27%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Communicative%20context%20enhances%20emotional%20word%20processing%20with%20human%20speakers%20but%20not%20with%20robots%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eiserbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John-Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdel%20Rahman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-16T15%3A36%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224QBMTXJH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Oztop%2C%20E.%20%282023%29.%20Interplay%20Between%20Neural%20Computational%20Energy%20and%20Multimodal%20Processing%20in%20Robot-Robot%20Interaction.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2023%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2015%26%23x2013%3B21.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL55364.2023.10364527%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL55364.2023.10364527%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interplay%20Between%20Neural%20Computational%20Energy%20and%20Multimodal%20Processing%20in%20Robot-Robot%20Interaction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Multimodal%20learning%20is%20an%20active%20research%20area%20that%20is%20gaining%20importance%20in%20human-robot%20interaction.%20Despite%20the%20obvious%20benefit%20of%20levering%20multiple%20sensors%20for%20perceiving%20the%20world%2C%20its%20neural%20computational%20cost%20has%20not%20been%20addressed%20in%20robotics%2C%20especially%20in%20Robot-Robot%20Interaction%20%28RRI%29.%20This%20study%20addresses%20the%20role%20of%20computational%20cost%20in%20multimodal%20processing%20by%20considering%20robot-robot%20interaction%20in%20a%20sequential%20multimodal%20memory%20recall%20task.%20In%20this%20setting%2C%20the%20learner%20%28Nao%29%20robot%20receives%20auditory-only%2C%20visual-only%2C%20or%20audio-visual%20information%20from%20an%20instructor%20%28Pepper%29%20robot%20and%20the%20environment%20regarding%20previously%20learned%20memory%20items.%20The%20goal%20of%20the%20learner%20robot%20is%20to%20perform%20the%20interactive%20task%20with%20as%20low%20as%20possible%20neural%20computational%20cost.%20The%20learner%20robot%20has%20two%20cognitive%20modules%3A%20a%20multimodal%20auto-associative%20network%20that%20stands%20for%20the%20perceptual-cognitive%20processing%20of%20the%20robot%20and%20an%20internal%20reward%20mechanism%20that%20monitors%20the%20changes%20in%20neural%20energy%20incurred%20for%20two%20consecutive%20steps%20by%20the%20processing%20of%20the%20attended%20stimuli.%20The%20reward%20computed%20is%20used%20to%20build%20an%20action%20policy%20for%20minimizing%20the%20neural%20energy%20consumption%20over%20the%20sequential%20memory%20recall%20task.%20The%20experimental%20results%20show%20that%20having%20access%20to%20both%20auditory%20and%20visual%20information%20is%20beneficial%20not%20only%20for%20better%20memory%20recall%20but%20also%20for%20minimizing%20the%20cost%20of%20neural%20computation.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222023%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222023%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-11%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICDL55364.2023.10364527%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10364527%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A03%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229X4R2WDQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Henke%2C%20A.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20A%20sequence%20of%20learning%20processes%20in%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system%20from%20topic-related%20appraisals%20to%20learning%20gains.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLearning%20and%20Instruction%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B87%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20101799.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2023.101799%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2023.101799%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20sequence%20of%20learning%20processes%20in%20an%20intelligent%20tutoring%20system%20from%20topic-related%20appraisals%20to%20learning%20gains%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20intelligent%20tutoring%20systems%20%28ITSs%29%20are%20increasingly%20used%2C%20it%20is%20unclear%20which%20psychological%20processes%20precede%20students%26%23039%3B%20learning%20gains.%20Using%20a%20pre-%20and%20posttest%20design%2C%20the%20present%20study%20examined%20a%20sequence%20of%20psychological%20processes%20informed%20by%20control%20value%20theory.%20We%20investigated%20%28a%29%20whether%20secondary%20school%20students%26%23039%3B%20topic-related%20cognitive%20appraisals%20%28value%20and%20control%29%20affected%20their%20task-related%20affective%20%28enjoyment%20and%20boredom%29%20and%20cognitive%20%28engagement%20and%20performance%29%20outcomes%20while%20using%20the%20ITS%20and%20%28b%29%20whether%20task-related%20outcomes%20affected%20learning.%20Path%20analyses%20showed%20that%20students%5Cu2019%20topic-related%20interest%2C%20but%20not%20perceived%20utility%2C%20personal%20importance%20or%20self-efficacy%2C%20was%20associated%20with%20task-related%20enjoyment.%20In%20turn%2C%20enjoyment%20showed%20reciprocal%20effects%20on%20and%20of%20engagement%20and%20ongoing%20task%20performance%2C%20which%20predicted%20final%20performance%20and%2C%20ultimately%2C%20learning%20gains.%20The%20influence%20of%20boredom%2C%20in%20contrast%2C%20was%20minimal%20along%20this%20sequence.%20More%20generally%2C%20the%20findings%20highlight%20the%20difficulty%20of%20establishing%20a%20clear%20pattern%20of%20sequential%20causation%20derived%20from%20control%20value%20theory%20for%20the%20current%20ITS%20context%2C%20with%20evidence%20demonstrating%20the%20systematic%20influence%20of%20confounders%20accounting%20for%20the%20predicted%20relations%20among%20components.%20Despite%20these%20limitations%2C%20we%20identified%20key%20psychological%20processes%20involving%20the%20contribution%20of%20affective%20and%20cognitive%20processes%20to%20learning%20in%20the%20ITS%20context.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.learninstruc.2023.101799%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0959475223000683%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220959-4752%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A06%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222JG74676%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Taliaronak%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTaliaronak%2C%20V.%2C%20Lange%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Oztop%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282023%29.%20Advancing%20Humanoid%20Robots%20for%20Social%20Integration%3A%20Evaluating%20Trustworthiness%20Through%20a%20Social%20Cognitive%20Framework.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%202112%26%23x2013%3B2119.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309519%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309519%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Advancing%20Humanoid%20Robots%20for%20Social%20Integration%3A%20Evaluating%20Trustworthiness%20Through%20a%20Social%20Cognitive%20Framework%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taliaronak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-8-28%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309519%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22979-8-3503-3670-2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10309519%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A55%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M7TJFQRK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pischedda%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPischedda%2C%20D.%2C%20Kaufmann%2C%20V.%2C%20Wudarczyk%2C%20O.%20A.%2C%20Rahman%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%20%282023%29.%20Human%20or%20AI%3F%20The%20brain%20knows%20it%21%20A%20brain-based%20Turing%20Test%20to%20discriminate%20between%20human%20and%20artificial%20agents.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20951%26%23x2013%3B958.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309541%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309541%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Human%20or%20AI%3F%20The%20brain%20knows%20it%21%20A%20brain-based%20Turing%20Test%20to%20discriminate%20between%20human%20and%20artificial%20agents.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vanessa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaufmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasha%20Abdel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John-Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222023%2032nd%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-8-28%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN57019.2023.10309541%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22979-8-3503-3670-2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10309541%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A56%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BRDPPFYJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Oztop%2C%20E.%20%282023%29.%20Trust%20in%20Robot%26%23x2013%3BRobot%20Scaffolding.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BIEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Cognitive%20and%20Developmental%20Systems%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%201841%26%23x2013%3B1852.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTCDS.2023.3235974%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTCDS.2023.3235974%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trust%20in%20Robot%5Cu2013Robot%20Scaffolding%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FTCDS.2023.3235974%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F10014434%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222379-8920%2C%202379-8939%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A52%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PRFI5GE2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20Who%20to%20Observe%20and%20Imitate%20in%20Humans%20and%20Robots%3A%20The%20Importance%20of%20Motivational%20Factors.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInternational%20Journal%20of%20Social%20Robotics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%288%29%2C%201265%26%23x2013%3B1275.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12369-022-00923-9%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12369-022-00923-9%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Who%20to%20Observe%20and%20Imitate%20in%20Humans%20and%20Robots%3A%20The%20Importance%20of%20Motivational%20Factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Imitation%20is%20a%20vital%20skill%20that%20humans%20leverage%20in%20various%20situations.%20Humans%20achieve%20imitation%20by%20observing%20others%20with%20apparent%20ease.%20Yet%2C%20in%20reality%2C%20it%20is%20computationally%20expensive%20to%20model%20on%20artificial%20agents%20%28e.g.%2C%20social%20robots%29%20to%20acquire%20new%20skills%20by%20imitating%20an%20expert%20agent.%20Although%20learning%20through%20imitation%20has%20been%20extensively%20addressed%20in%20the%20robotic%20literature%2C%20most%20studies%20focus%20on%20answering%20the%20following%20questions%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20what%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20to%20imitate%20and%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20how%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20to%20imitate%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20this%20conceptual%20paper%2C%20we%20focus%20on%20one%20of%20the%20overlooked%20questions%20of%20imitation%20through%20observation%3A%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20who%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20to%20imitate.%20We%20present%20possible%20answers%20to%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20who-%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20to-imitate%20question%20by%20exploring%20motivational%20factors%20documented%20in%20psychological%20research%20and%20their%20possible%20implementation%20in%20robotics.%20To%20this%20end%2C%20we%20focus%20on%20two%20critical%20instances%20of%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20who%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20-to-imitate%20question%20that%20guide%20agents%20to%20prioritize%20one%20demonstrator%20over%20another%3A%20outcome%20expectancies%2C%20viewed%20as%20the%20anticipated%20learning%20gains%2C%20and%20efficacy%20expectations%2C%20viewed%20as%20the%20anticipated%20costs%20of%20performing%20actions%2C%20respectively.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12369-022-00923-9%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12369-022-00923-9%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221875-4791%2C%201875-4805%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DHII5RIH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%2C%20Yun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Henke%2C%20A.%2C%20Lazarides%2C%20C.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282023%29.%20Do%20instructional%20strategies%20considering%20activity%20emotions%20reduce%20students%26%23x2019%3B%20boredom%20in%20a%20computerized%20open-ended%20learning%20environment%3F%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BComputers%20%26amp%3B%20Education%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B196%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20104741.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.compedu.2023.104741%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.compedu.2023.104741%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Do%20instructional%20strategies%20considering%20activity%20emotions%20reduce%20students%5Cu2019%20boredom%20in%20a%20computerized%20open-ended%20learning%20environment%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.compedu.2023.104741%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0360131523000180%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203601315%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IFC4RRS5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20H%26%23xFC%3Bbert%2C%20H.%2C%20Sardogan%2C%20A.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHumanoid%20Robot%20as%20a%20Debate%20Partner%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20HCI%20International%202023%20Posters.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-36004-6_74%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-36004-6_74%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Humanoid%20Robot%20as%20a%20Debate%20Partner%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abdullah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sardogan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Constantine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephanidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margherita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antona%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stavroula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ntoa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gavriel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salvendy%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20describe%20our%20design%20and%20development%20process%20of%20a%20humanoid%20robot%2C%20Pepper%2C%20as%20a%20debate%20partner%20by%20integrating%20open-source%2C%20offline%20Generative%20Pre-trained%20Transformer%20models%2C%20namely%20GPT-J%206B%20and%20BLOOM.%20We%20used%20our%20tool%20flow%2C%20which%20integrates%20open-source%20offline%20tools%20to%20animate%20a%20robotic%20agent%20to%20listen%2C%20speak%20and%20gesture%20in%20a%20human-like%20manner%2C%20to%20create%20a%20debate%20partner%20in%20a%20humanoid%20robot.%20This%20paper%20provides%20a%20technical%20description%20of%20the%20integration%20of%20GPT%20models%20into%20our%20tool%20flow.%20The%20first%20implementation%20was%20presented%20to%20a%20group%20of%20teachers%20and%20as%20a%20second%20prototype%2C%20several%20questioning%20schemes%20and%20post%20filtering%20were%20implemented%20to%20attain%20better%20responses%20from%20a%20robotic%20agents.%20The%20developed%20second%20prototype%20will%20be%20used%20for%20a%20pilot%20study%20with%20prospective%20users.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-36004-6_74%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A00%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HRMQHITI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20H%26%23xFC%3Bbert%2C%20H.%2C%20Cheval%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282023%29.%20Analyzing%20Learners%26%23x2019%3B%20Emotion%20from%26%23xA0%3Ban%26%23xA0%3BHRI%20Experiment%20Using%20Facial%20Expression%20Recognition%20Systems.%20In%20P.%20Zaphiris%20%26amp%3B%20A.%20Ioannou%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLearning%20and%20Collaboration%20Technologies%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%20396%26%23x2013%3B407%29.%20Springer%20Nature%20Switzerland.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-34550-0_29%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-34550-0_29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analyzing%20Learners%5Cu2019%20Emotion%20from%5Cu00a0an%5Cu00a0HRI%20Experiment%20Using%20Facial%20Expression%20Recognition%20Systems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cheval%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Panayiotis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaphiris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ioannou%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20analyzed%20the%20facial%20expressions%20of%20the%20participants%20from%20a%20study%20where%2063%20students%20were%20learning%20about%20Climate%20Change%20using%20Betty%5Cu2019s%20Brain%2C%20half%20with%20robotic%20agents%20and%20the%20other%20half%20with%20on-screen%20based%20agents%20using%20a%20Facial%20Expression%20Recognition%20%28FER%29%20system.%20Among%20FER%20systems%2C%20upon%20a%20review%20of%20existing%20offline%20open%20source%20solutions%2C%20we%20chose%20HyperExtended%20LightFace%20%28more%20known%20as%20deepface%29%20to%20extract%20emotions%20from%20the%20participants%5Cu2019%20facial%20expressions.%20Based%20on%20the%20extracted%20emotions%20from%20the%20FER%20system%2C%20we%20compared%20the%20resulting%20emotions%20between%20two%20groups%20to%20investigate%20if%20there%20are%20differences%20in%20displayed%20emotions%20due%20to%20human%20robot%20interaction.%20The%20result%20of%20this%20first%20analysis%20shows%20that%20learners%20who%20interacted%20with%20robotic%20agents%20express%20fear%2C%20happy%20and%20neutral%20emotions%20more%20than%20the%20students%20who%20interacted%20with%20on-screen%20based%20agents.%20In%20addition%2C%20neutral%20emotion%20was%20detected%20more%20in%20the%20robotic%20condition%20with%20a%20large%20effect%2C%20fear%20with%20moderate%20effect%20and%20happy%20with%20small%20effect%20size.%20Fear%20and%20happiness%20was%2060%25%20correlated%2C%20which%20indicates%20that%20the%20FER%20system%20may%20not%20distinguish%20well%20between%20these%20two%20emotions.%20The%20future%20work%20entails%20filtering%20and%20validation%20of%20face%20detection%20results%20in%20case%20of%20false%20detection%20and%20utilizing%20different%20pre-processing%20methods%20to%20detect%20the%20face%20and%20using%20different%20FER%20algorithms.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Learning%20and%20Collaboration%20Technologies%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-34550-0_29%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-34550-0%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T12%3A00%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HP8BSDS9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bierbach%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBierbach%2C%20D.%2C%20G%26%23xF3%3Bmez-Nava%2C%20L.%2C%20Francisco%2C%20F.%20A.%2C%20Lukas%2C%20J.%2C%20Musiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Landgraf%2C%20T.%2C%20Romanczuk%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Krause%2C%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Live%20fish%20learn%20to%20anticipate%20the%20movement%20of%20a%20fish-like%20robot%26lt%3Bsup%26gt%3B%2A%26lt%3B%5C%2Fsup%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBioinspiration%20%26amp%3B%20Biomimetics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B17%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%20065007.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-3190%5C%2Fac8e3e%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-3190%5C%2Fac8e3e%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Live%20fish%20learn%20to%20anticipate%20the%20movement%20of%20a%20fish-like%20robot%3Csup%3E%2A%3C%5C%2Fsup%3E%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00f3mez-Nava%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fritz%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lukas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landgraf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pawel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romanczuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20ability%20of%20an%20individual%20to%20predict%20the%20outcome%20of%20the%20actions%20of%20others%20and%20to%20change%20their%20own%20behavior%20adaptively%20is%20called%20anticipation.%20There%20are%20many%20examples%20from%20mammalian%20species%5Cu2014including%20humans%5Cu2014that%20show%20anticipatory%20abilities%20in%20a%20social%20context%2C%20however%2C%20it%20is%20not%20clear%20to%20what%20extent%20fishes%20can%20anticipate%20the%20actions%20of%20their%20interaction%20partners%20or%20what%20the%20underlying%20mechanisms%20are%20for%20that%20anticipation.%20To%20answer%20these%20questions%2C%20we%20let%20live%20guppies%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Poecilia%20reticulata%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20interact%20repeatedly%20with%20an%20open-loop%20%28noninteractive%29%20biomimetic%20robot%20that%20has%20previously%20been%20shown%20to%20be%20an%20accepted%20conspecific.%20The%20robot%20always%20performed%20the%20same%20zigzag%20trajectory%20in%20the%20experimental%20tank%20that%20ended%20in%20one%20of%20the%20corners%2C%20giving%20the%20live%20fish%20the%20opportunity%20to%20learn%20both%20the%20location%20of%20the%20final%20destination%20as%20well%20as%20the%20specific%20turning%20movement%20of%20the%20robot%20over%20three%20consecutive%20trials.%20The%20live%20fish%5Cu2019s%20reactions%20were%20categorized%20into%20a%20global%20anticipation%2C%20which%20we%20defined%20as%20relative%20time%20to%20reach%20the%20robot%5Cu2019s%20final%20corner%2C%20and%20a%20local%20anticipation%20which%20was%20the%20relative%20time%20and%20location%20of%20the%20live%20fish%5Cu2019s%20turns%20relative%20to%20robofish%20turns.%20As%20a%20proxy%20for%20global%20anticipation%2C%20we%20found%20that%20live%20fish%20in%20the%20last%20trial%20reached%20the%20robot%5Cu2019s%20destination%20corner%20significantly%20earlier%20than%20the%20robot.%20Overall%2C%20more%20than%2050%25%20of%20all%20fish%20arrived%20at%20the%20destination%20before%20the%20robot.%20This%20is%20more%20than%20a%20random%20walk%20model%20would%20predict%20and%20significantly%20more%20compared%20to%20all%20other%20equidistant%2C%20yet%20unvisited%2C%20corners.%20As%20a%20proxy%20for%20local%20anticipation%2C%20we%20found%20fish%20change%20their%20turning%20behavior%20in%20response%20to%20the%20robot%20over%20the%20course%20of%20the%20trials.%20Initially%2C%20the%20fish%20would%20turn%20after%20the%20robot%2C%20which%20was%20reversed%20in%20the%20end%2C%20as%20they%20began%20to%20turn%20slightly%20before%20the%20robot%20in%20the%20final%20trial.%20Our%20results%20indicate%20that%20live%20fish%20are%20able%20to%20anticipate%20predictably%20behaving%20social%20partners%20both%20in%20regard%20to%20final%20movement%20locations%20as%20well%20as%20movement%20dynamics.%20Given%20that%20fish%20have%20been%20found%20to%20exhibit%20consistent%20behavioral%20differences%2C%20anticipation%20in%20fish%20could%20have%20evolved%20as%20a%20mechanism%20to%20adapt%20to%20different%20social%20interaction%20partners.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1088%5C%2F1748-3190%5C%2Fac8e3e%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fiopscience.iop.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1088%5C%2F1748-3190%5C%2Fac8e3e%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221748-3182%2C%201748-3190%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A50%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XG4LHGJM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-09-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Oztop%2C%20E.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282022%29.%20Forming%20robot%20trust%20in%20heterogeneous%20agents%20during%20a%20multimodal%20interactive%20game.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2022%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20307%26%23x2013%3B313.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL53763.2022.9962212%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL53763.2022.9962212%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Forming%20robot%20trust%20in%20heterogeneous%20agents%20during%20a%20multimodal%20interactive%20game%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222022%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222022%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-9-12%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICDL53763.2022.9962212%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-6654-1311-4%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9962212%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A52%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SYX5FJ6A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-08-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Oztop%2C%20E.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282022%29.%20Trustworthiness%20assessment%20in%20multimodal%20human-robot%20interaction%20based%20on%20cognitive%20load.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2022%2031st%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20469%26%23x2013%3B476.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN53752.2022.9900730%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN53752.2022.9900730%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trustworthiness%20assessment%20in%20multimodal%20human-robot%20interaction%20based%20on%20cognitive%20load%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222022%2031st%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222022%2031st%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20and%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-8-29%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN53752.2022.9900730%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-7281-8859-1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9900730%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A52%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NF2ZHF8D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20H%26%23xFC%3Bbert%2C%20H.%2C%20Taliaronak%2C%20V.%2C%20Mayet%2C%20R.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%20%282022%29.%20AI-Based%20Open-Source%20Gesture%20Retargeting%20to%26%23xA0%3Ba%26%23xA0%3BHumanoid%20Teaching%20Robot.%20In%20M.%20M.%20Rodrigo%2C%20N.%20Matsuda%2C%20A.%20I.%20Cristea%2C%20%26amp%3B%20V.%20Dimitrova%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArtificial%20Intelligence%26%23xA0%3B%20in%20Education.%20Posters%20and%20Late%20Breaking%20Results%2C%20Workshops%20and%20Tutorials%2C%20Industry%20and%20Innovation%20Tracks%2C%20Practitioners%26%23x2019%3B%20and%20Doctoral%20Consortium%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%20276%26%23x2013%3B279%29.%20Springer%20International%20Publishing.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-11647-6_51%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-11647-6_51%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22AI-Based%20Open-Source%20Gesture%20Retargeting%20to%5Cu00a0a%5Cu00a0Humanoid%20Teaching%20Robot%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taliaronak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ralf%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20Mercedes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rodrigo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noburu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matsuda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandra%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cristea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vania%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dimitrova%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Gestures%20and%20speech%20modalities%20play%20potent%20roles%20in%20social%20learning%2C%20especially%20in%20educational%20settings.%20Enabling%20artificial%20learning%20companions%20%28i.e.%2C%20humanoid%20robots%29%20to%20perform%20human-like%20gestures%20and%20speech%20will%20facilitate%20interactive%20social%20learning%20in%20classrooms.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20present%20the%20implementation%20of%20human-generated%20gestures%20and%20speech%20on%20the%20Pepper%20robot%20to%20build%20a%20robotic%20teacher.%20To%20this%20end%2C%20we%20transferred%20a%20human%20teacher%20gesture%20to%20a%20humanoid%20robot%20using%20a%20web%20and%20a%20kinect%20cameras%20and%20applied%20a%20video-based%20markerless%20motion%20capture%20technology%20and%20an%20observation-based%20motion%20mirroring%20method.%20To%20evaluate%20the%20retargeting%20methods%2C%20we%20presented%20different%20types%20of%20a%20humanoid%20robotic%20teacher%20to%20six%20teachers%20and%20collect%20their%20impressions%20on%20the%20practical%20usage%20of%20a%20robotic%20teacher%20in%20the%20classroom.%20Our%20results%20show%20that%20the%20presented%20AI-based%20open-source%20gesture%20retargeting%20technology%20was%20found%20attractive%2C%20as%20it%20gives%20the%20teachers%20an%20agency%20to%20design%20and%20employ%20the%20Pepper%20robot%20in%20their%20classes.%20Future%20work%20entails%20the%20evaluation%20of%20our%20solution%20to%20the%20stakeholders%20%28i.e.%20teachers%29%20for%20its%20usability.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Artificial%20Intelligence%20%20in%20Education.%20Posters%20and%20Late%20Breaking%20Results%2C%20Workshops%20and%20Tutorials%2C%20Industry%20and%20Innovation%20Tracks%2C%20Practitioners%5Cu2019%20and%20Doctoral%20Consortium%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22AIED%202022%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-031-11647-6_51%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-11647-6%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A59%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C8E3VJQG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yun%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYun%2C%20H.%20S.%2C%20Taliaronak%2C%20V.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Chevel%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20J.%2C%20H%26%23xFC%3Bbert%2C%20H.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Pinkwart%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BChallenges%20in%20Designing%20Teacher%20Robots%20with%20Motivation%20Based%20Gestures%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPoster%5D.%20Workshop%20on%20Robot%20Curiosity%20in%20Human-Robot%20Interaction%20%28RCHRI%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Challenges%20in%20Designing%20Teacher%20Robots%20with%20Motivation%20Based%20Gestures%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hae%20Seon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Volha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taliaronak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chevel%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00fcbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niels%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkwart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-04T14%3A41%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HPETK8PA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Chevalere%2C%20J.%2C%20Lazarides%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282021%29.%20Learning%20in%20Social%20Interaction%3A%20Perspectives%20from%20Psychology%20and%20Robotics.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B8.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515648%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515648%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Learning%20in%20Social%20Interaction%3A%20Perspectives%20from%20Psychology%20and%20Robotics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chevalere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lazarides%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-8-23%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515648%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-7281-6242-3%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9515648%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A48%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IWVFW7FX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Oztop%2C%20E.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282021%29.%20Modeling%20robot%20trust%20based%20on%20emergent%20emotion%20in%20an%20interactive%20task.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B8.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515645%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515645%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20robot%20trust%20based%20on%20emergent%20emotion%20in%20an%20interactive%20task%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222021%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20%28ICDL%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-8-23%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICDL49984.2021.9515645%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-7281-6242-3%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9515645%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A48%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2244J5V492%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWudarczyk%2C%20O.%20A.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Pischedda%2C%20D.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Abdel%20Rahman%2C%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Robots%20facilitate%20human%20language%20production.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientific%20Reports%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2016737.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-95645-9%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-95645-9%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Robots%20facilitate%20human%20language%20production%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John-Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdel%20Rahman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Despite%20recent%20developments%20in%20integrating%20autonomous%20and%20human-like%20robots%20into%20many%20aspects%20of%20everyday%20life%2C%20social%20interactions%20with%20robots%20are%20still%20a%20challenge.%20Here%2C%20we%20focus%20on%20a%20central%20tool%20for%20social%20interaction%3A%20verbal%20communication.%20We%20assess%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20humans%20co-represent%20%28simulate%20and%20predict%29%20a%20robot%5Cu2019s%20verbal%20actions.%20During%20a%20joint%20picture%20naming%20task%2C%20participants%20took%20turns%20in%20naming%20objects%20together%20with%20a%20social%20robot%20%28Pepper%2C%20Softbank%20Robotics%29.%20Previous%20findings%20using%20this%20task%20with%20human%20partners%20revealed%20internal%20simulations%20on%20behalf%20of%20the%20partner%20down%20to%20the%20level%20of%20selecting%20words%20from%20the%20mental%20lexicon%2C%20reflected%20in%20partner-elicited%20inhibitory%20effects%20on%20subsequent%20naming.%20Here%2C%20with%20the%20robot%2C%20the%20partner-elicited%20inhibitory%20effects%20were%20not%20observed.%20Instead%2C%20naming%20was%20facilitated%2C%20as%20revealed%20by%20faster%20naming%20of%20word%20categories%20co-named%20with%20the%20robot.%20This%20facilitation%20suggests%20that%20robots%2C%20unlike%20humans%2C%20are%20not%20simulated%20down%20to%20the%20level%20of%20lexical%20selection.%20Instead%2C%20a%20robot%5Cu2019s%20speaking%20appears%20to%20be%20simulated%20at%20the%20initial%20level%20of%20language%20production%20where%20the%20meaning%20of%20the%20verbal%20message%20is%20generated%2C%20resulting%20in%20facilitated%20language%20production%20due%20to%20conceptual%20priming.%20We%20conclude%20that%20robots%20facilitate%20core%20conceptualization%20processes%20when%20humans%20transform%20thoughts%20to%20language%20during%20speaking.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-08-18%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-021-95645-9%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41598-021-95645-9%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A47%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S6WC4SGW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Oztop%2C%20E.%2C%20Asada%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282021%29.%20Trust%20me%21%20I%20am%20a%20robot%3A%20an%20affective%20computational%20account%20of%20scaffolding%20in%20robot-robot%20interaction.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2021%2030th%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20%26amp%3B%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20189%26%23x2013%3B196.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN50785.2021.9515494%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN50785.2021.9515494%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trust%20me%21%20I%20am%20a%20robot%3A%20an%20affective%20computational%20account%20of%20scaffolding%20in%20robot-robot%20interaction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erhan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oztop%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Minoru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asada%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222021%2030th%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20%26%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222021%2030th%20IEEE%20International%20Conference%20on%20Robot%20%26%20Human%20Interactive%20Communication%20%28RO-MAN%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-8-8%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FRO-MAN50785.2021.9515494%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-6654-0492-1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9515494%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A48%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LAHW54Z4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Landgraf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLandgraf%2C%20T.%2C%20Gebhardt%2C%20G.%20H.%20W.%2C%20Bierbach%2C%20D.%2C%20Romanczuk%2C%20P.%2C%20Musiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Krause%2C%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Animal-in-the-Loop%3A%20Using%20Interactive%20Robotic%20Conspecifics%20to%20Study%20Social%20Behavior%20in%20Animal%20Groups.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnual%20Review%20of%20Control%2C%20Robotics%2C%20and%20Autonomous%20Systems%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B4%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20487%26%23x2013%3B507.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-control-061920-103228%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-control-061920-103228%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animal-in-the-Loop%3A%20Using%20Interactive%20Robotic%20Conspecifics%20to%20Study%20Social%20Behavior%20in%20Animal%20Groups%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landgraf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregor%20H.W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gebhardt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pawel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romanczuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biomimetic%20robots%20that%20replace%20living%20social%20interaction%20partners%20can%20help%20elucidate%20the%20underlying%20interaction%20rules%20in%20animal%20groups.%20Our%20review%20focuses%20on%20the%20use%20of%20interactive%20robots%20that%20respond%20dynamically%20to%20animal%20behavior%20as%20part%20of%20a%20closed%20control%20loop.%20We%20discuss%20the%20most%20influential%20works%20to%20date%20and%20how%20they%20have%20contributed%20to%20our%20understanding%20of%20animal%20sociality.%20Technological%20advances%20permit%20the%20use%20of%20robots%20that%20can%20adapt%20to%20the%20situations%20they%20face%20and%20the%20conspecifics%20they%20encounter%2C%20or%20robots%20that%20learn%20to%20optimize%20their%20social%20performance%20from%20a%20set%20of%20experiences.%20We%20discuss%20how%20adaptation%20and%20learning%20may%20provide%20novel%20insights%20into%20group%20sociobiology%20and%20describe%20the%20technical%20challenges%20associatedwith%20these%20types%20of%20interactive%20robots.%20This%20interdisciplinary%20field%20provides%20a%20rich%20set%20of%20problems%20to%20be%20tackled%20by%20roboticists%2C%20machine%20learning%20engineers%2C%20and%20control%20theorists.%20By%20cultivating%20smarter%20robots%2C%20we%20can%20usher%20in%20an%20era%20of%20more%20nuanced%20exploration%20of%20animal%20behavior.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-05-03%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-control-061920-103228%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.annualreviews.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-control-061920-103228%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222573-5144%2C%202573-5144%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C3WXKMJA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWudarczyk%2C%20O.%20A.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Abdel%20Rahman%2C%20R.%2C%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pischedda%2C%20D.%20%282021%29.%20Bringing%20Together%20Robotics%2C%20Neuroscience%2C%20and%20Psychology%3A%20Lessons%20Learned%20From%20an%20Interdisciplinary%20Project.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFrontiers%20in%20Human%20Neuroscience%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B15%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20630789.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2021.630789%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2021.630789%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bringing%20Together%20Robotics%2C%20Neuroscience%2C%20and%20Psychology%3A%20Lessons%20Learned%20From%20an%20Interdisciplinary%20Project%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdel%20Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John-Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20diversified%20methodology%20and%20expertise%20of%20interdisciplinary%20research%20teams%20provide%20the%20opportunity%20to%20overcome%20the%20limited%20perspectives%20of%20individual%20disciplines.%20This%20is%20particularly%20true%20at%20the%20interface%20of%20Robotics%2C%20Neuroscience%2C%20and%20Psychology%20as%20the%20three%20fields%20have%20quite%20different%20perspectives%20and%20approaches%20to%20offer.%20Nonetheless%2C%20aligning%20backgrounds%20and%20interdisciplinary%20expectations%20can%20present%20challenges%20due%20to%20varied%20research%20cultures%20and%20practices.%20Overcoming%20these%20challenges%20stands%20at%20the%20beginning%20of%20each%20productive%20collaboration%20and%20thus%20is%20a%20mandatory%20step%20in%20cognitive%20neurorobotics.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20share%20eight%20lessons%20that%20we%20learned%20from%20our%20ongoing%20interdisciplinary%20project%20on%20human-robot%20and%20robot-robot%20interaction%20in%20social%20settings.%20These%20lessons%20provide%20practical%20advice%20for%20scientists%20initiating%20interdisciplinary%20research%20endeavors.%20Our%20advice%20can%20help%20to%20avoid%20early%20problems%20and%20deal%20with%20differences%20between%20research%20fields%2C%20prepare%20for%20and%20anticipate%20challenges%2C%20align%20project%20expectations%2C%20and%20speed%20up%20research%20progress%2C%20thus%20promoting%20effective%20interdisciplinary%20research%20across%20Robotics%2C%20Neuroscience%2C%20and%20Psychology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-3-29%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2021.630789%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2021.630789%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221662-5161%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A47%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KW8PXVTH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bierbach%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBierbach%2C%20D.%2C%20Francisco%2C%20F.%2C%20Lukas%2C%20J.%2C%20Landgraf%2C%20T.%2C%20Maxeiner%2C%20M.%2C%20Romanczuk%2C%20P.%2C%20Musiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Krause%2C%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Biomimetic%20robots%20promote%20the%203Rs%20Principle%20in%20animal%20testing.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%202021%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20The%202021%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00375%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00375%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biomimetic%20robots%20promote%20the%203Rs%20Principle%20in%20animal%20testing%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fritz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francisco%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juliane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lukas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landgraf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moritz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maxeiner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pawel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Romanczuk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22The%202021%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22The%202021%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00375%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdirect.mit.edu%5C%2Fisal%5C%2Farticle-abstract%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00375%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A47%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GGYFJ25P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pischedda%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPischedda%2C%20D.%2C%20Lange%2C%20A.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Wudarczyk%2C%20O.%2C%20Abdel%20Rahman%2C%20R.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%20%282021%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWho%20is%20my%20interlocutor%3F%20Partner-specific%20neural%20representations%20during%20communicative%20interactions%20with%20human%20or%20artificial%20task%20partners.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPoster%5D.%205th%20Virtual%20Social%20Interactions%20%28VSI%29%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Who%20is%20my%20interlocutor%3F%20Partner-specific%20neural%20representations%20during%20communicative%20interactions%20with%20human%20or%20artificial%20task%20partners.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdel%20Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22none%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-04T14%3A30%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2252TCGL4Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pischedda%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPischedda%2C%20D.%2C%20Lange%2C%20A.%2C%20Kirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Wudarczyk%2C%20O.%2C%20Abdel%20Rahman%2C%20R.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%20%282021%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAm%20I%20speaking%20to%20a%20human%2C%20a%20robot%2C%20or%20a%20computer%3F%20Neural%20representations%20of%20task%20partners%20in%20communicative%20interactions%20with%20humans%20or%20artificial%20agents%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPoster%5D.%20Annual%20Meeting%20of%20the%20Society%20for%20Neuroscience%20%28SfN%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Am%20I%20speaking%20to%20a%20human%2C%20a%20robot%2C%20or%20a%20computer%3F%20Neural%20representations%20of%20task%20partners%20in%20communicative%20interactions%20with%20humans%20or%20artificial%20agents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lange%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdel%20Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22none%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-04T14%3A23%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N647NDS3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirtay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKirtay%2C%20M.%2C%20Wudarczyk%2C%20O.%20A.%2C%20Pischedda%2C%20D.%2C%20Kuhlen%2C%20A.%20K.%2C%20Rahman%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Haynes%2C%20J.-D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282020%29.%20Modeling%20robot%20co-representation%3A%20state-of-the-art%2C%20open%20issues%2C%20and%20predictive%20learning%20as%20a%20possible%20framework.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2020%20Joint%20IEEE%2010th%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20and%20Epigenetic%20Robotics%20%28ICDL-EpiRob%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B8.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL-EpiRob48136.2020.9278031%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FICDL-EpiRob48136.2020.9278031%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modeling%20robot%20co-representation%3A%20state-of-the-art%2C%20open%20issues%2C%20and%20predictive%20learning%20as%20a%20possible%20framework%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Murat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirtay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olga%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wudarczyk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pischedda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuhlen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasha%20Abdel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rahman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John-Dylan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haynes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%222020%20Joint%20IEEE%2010th%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20and%20Epigenetic%20Robotics%20%28ICDL-EpiRob%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%222020%20Joint%20IEEE%2010th%20International%20Conference%20on%20Development%20and%20Learning%20and%20Epigenetic%20Robotics%20%28ICDL-EpiRob%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-10-26%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FICDL-EpiRob48136.2020.9278031%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-7281-7306-1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2F9278031%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A47%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RD6YHAZT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mellmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMellmann%2C%20H.%2C%20Schlotter%2C%20B.%2C%20Musiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%20%282020%29.%20Anticipation%20as%20a%20Mechanism%20for%20Complex%20Behavior%20in%20Artificial%20Agents.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%202020%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20157%26%23x2013%3B159.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00314%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00314%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Anticipation%20as%20a%20Mechanism%20for%20Complex%20Behavior%20in%20Artificial%20Agents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heinrich%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlotter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22The%202020%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22The%202020%20Conference%20on%20Artificial%20Life%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00314%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mitpressjournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Fisal_a_00314%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-29T10%3A40%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JR2XWCCA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6984777%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Musiolek%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMusiolek%2C%20L.%2C%20Hafner%2C%20V.%20V.%2C%20Krause%2C%20J.%2C%20Landgraf%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bierbach%2C%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Robofish%20as%20Social%20Partner%20for%20Live%20Guppies.%20In%20V.%20Vouloutsi%2C%20A.%20Mura%2C%20F.%20Tauber%2C%20T.%20Speck%2C%20T.%20J.%20Prescott%2C%20%26amp%3B%20P.%20F.%20M.%20J.%20Verschure%20%28Eds.%29%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBiomimetic%20and%20Biohybrid%20Systems%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28pp.%20270%26%23x2013%3B274%29.%20Springer%20International%20Publishing.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-64313-3_26%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-64313-3_26%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Robofish%20as%20Social%20Partner%20for%20Live%20Guppies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musiolek%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hafner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krause%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Landgraf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bierbach%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vasiliki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vouloutsi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mura%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Falk%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tauber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Speck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prescott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20F.%20M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verschure%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biomimetic%20robots%20that%20are%20accepted%20as%20social%20partners%20by%20animals%20may%20help%20to%20gain%20insights%20into%20animals%5Cu2019%20social%20interaction%20skills.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20an%20experiment%20using%20the%20biomimetic%20Robofish%20which%20resembles%20live%20guppies%20%28Poecilia%20reticulata%29%20-%20a%20small%20tropical%20freshwater%20fish.%20Guppy%20females%20were%20given%20the%20opportunity%20to%20interact%20with%20different%20open-loop%20controlled%20Robofish%20replicas.%20We%20show%20that%20guppies%20interacting%20with%20a%20lifelike%20Robofish%20replica%20scored%20higher%20on%20social%20interaction%20variables%20than%20did%20those%20faced%20with%20a%20simple%20white%20cuboid%20performing%20the%20same%20movements%2C%20although%20this%20effect%20weakened%20with%20time.%20Our%20study%20exemplifies%20the%20use%20of%20Robofish%20as%20a%20research%20tool%2C%20providing%20highly%20standardized%20social%20cues%20for%20the%20study%20of%20fish%20social%20skills%20such%20as%20imitation%20and%20following.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Biomimetic%20and%20Biohybrid%20Systems%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-64313-3_26%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-030-64313-3%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-06-22T11%3A59%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Ackermann, H., Lange, A. L., Dumont, H., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2026). Real-time cognitive-affective dynamics of failure feedback in a technology-based learning task. Communications Psychology, 4(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00487-8
Henke, A., Harley, J. M., Matin, N., Chevalère, J., Hafner, V. V., Pinkwart, N., & Lazarides, R. (2026). Multimodal perspectives on affective dynamics in an intelligent tutoring system. Learning and Instruction, 103, 102310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102310
Yordanova, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2026). Demonstration-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Sensorimotor Learning in Dynamic Environments. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1343(1), 012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1343/1/012020
Ackermann, H., Lange, A. L., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2025). How adaptive social robots influence cognitive, emotional, and self-regulated learning. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 6581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91236-0
Ackermann, H., Henke, A., Chevalère, J., Yun, H. S., Hafner, V. V., Pinkwart, N., & Lazarides, R. (2025). Physical embodiment and anthropomorphism of AI tutors and their role in student enjoyment and performance. Npj Science of Learning, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00293-z
Yordanova, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2025). Memory-Feedback Controllers for Lifelong Sensorimotor Learning in Humanoid Robots. In O. Brock & J. Krichmar (Eds.), From Animals to Animats 17 (pp. 275–286). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71533-4_21
Yordanova, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2025). Human-in-the-Loop Lifelong Visuomotor Edge-Case Adaptation [Poster]. IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL).
Mellmann, H., Arbuzova, P., Kontogiorgos, D., Yordanova, M., Haensel, J. X., Hafner, V. V., & Bryson, J. J. (2024). Effects of Transparency in Humanoid Robots - A Pilot Study. Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 750–754. https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640613
Yun, H. S., Hübert, H., Pinkwart, N., & Hafner, V. V. (2024). Design Based Research of Multimodal Robotic Learning Companions. In A. M. Olney, I.-A. Chounta, Z. Liu, O. C. Santos, & I. I. Bittencourt (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2024) (pp. 97–104). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64312-5_12
Musiolek, L., Bierbach, D., Weimar, N., Hamon, M., Krause, J., & Hafner, V. V. (2024). Evolving Artificial Neural Networks for Simulating Fish Social Interactions. In S. Smith, J. Correia, & C. Cintrano (Eds.), Applications of Evolutionary Computation (EvoApplications 2024) (pp. 146–161). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56852-7_10
Henke, A., Chevalère, J., Yun, H. S., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V., & Lazarides, R. (2024). Lernen mit sozialen Robotern und intelligenten tutoriellen Systemen - Welche Rolle spielen wahrgenommenes soziales Interaktionsverhalten des Roboters, Lernfreude und kognitive Belastung für den Lernfortschritt? Gesellschaft für Empirische Bildungsforschung (GEBF2024).
Henke, A., Chevalère, J., Westphal, A., Yun, H. S., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V., & Lazarides, R. (2024). Gender-related perceptions of robotic tutoring agents in human-robot interaction. Gender & STEM Conference.
Henke, A., Chevalère, J., Omarchevska, Y., Yun, H. S., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V., & Lazarides, R. (2024). Behavioral Profiles, Motivation and Emotions in an Intelligent Tutoring System. International Conference on motivation (ICM) 2024.
Eiserbeck, A., Wudarczyk, O., Kuhlen, A., Hafner, V. V., Haynes, J.-D., & Abdel Rahman, R. (2024). Communicative context enhances emotional word processing with human speakers but not with robots [Poster]. Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC27).
Kirtay, M., Hafner, V. V., Asada, M., & Oztop, E. (2023). Interplay Between Neural Computational Energy and Multimodal Processing in Robot-Robot Interaction. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL55364.2023.10364527
Chevalère, J., Yun, H. S., Henke, A., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2023). A sequence of learning processes in an intelligent tutoring system from topic-related appraisals to learning gains. Learning and Instruction, 87, 101799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101799
Taliaronak, V., Lange, A. L., Kirtay, M., Oztop, E., & Hafner, V. V. (2023). Advancing Humanoid Robots for Social Integration: Evaluating Trustworthiness Through a Social Cognitive Framework. 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 2112–2119. https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309519
Pischedda, D., Kaufmann, V., Wudarczyk, O. A., Rahman, R. A., Hafner, V. V., Kuhlen, A. K., & Haynes, J.-D. (2023). Human or AI? The brain knows it! A brain-based Turing Test to discriminate between human and artificial agents. 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 951–958. https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309541
Kirtay, M., Hafner, V. V., Asada, M., & Oztop, E. (2023). Trust in Robot–Robot Scaffolding. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 15(4), 1841–1852. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2023.3235974
Chevalère, J., Kirtay, M., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2023). Who to Observe and Imitate in Humans and Robots: The Importance of Motivational Factors. International Journal of Social Robotics, 15(8), 1265–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-022-00923-9
Chevalère, J., Lazarides, R., Yun, H. S., Henke, A., Lazarides, C., Pinkwart, N., & Hafner, V. V. (2023). Do instructional strategies considering activity emotions reduce students’ boredom in a computerized open-ended learning environment? Computers & Education, 196, 104741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104741
Yun, H. S., Hübert, H., Sardogan, A., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2023). Humanoid Robot as a Debate Partner. HCI International 2023 Posters. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36004-6_74
Yun, H. S., Hübert, H., Chevalère, J., Pinkwart, N., Hafner, V. V., & Lazarides, R. (2023). Analyzing Learners’ Emotion from an HRI Experiment Using Facial Expression Recognition Systems. In P. Zaphiris & A. Ioannou (Eds.), Learning and Collaboration Technologies (pp. 396–407). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34550-0_29
Bierbach, D., Gómez-Nava, L., Francisco, F. A., Lukas, J., Musiolek, L., Hafner, V. V., Landgraf, T., Romanczuk, P., & Krause, J. (2022). Live fish learn to anticipate the movement of a fish-like robot*. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 17(6), 065007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac8e3e
Kirtay, M., Oztop, E., Kuhlen, A. K., Asada, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2022). Forming robot trust in heterogeneous agents during a multimodal interactive game. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL), 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL53763.2022.9962212
Kirtay, M., Oztop, E., Kuhlen, A. K., Asada, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2022). Trustworthiness assessment in multimodal human-robot interaction based on cognitive load. 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN53752.2022.9900730
Yun, H. S., Hübert, H., Taliaronak, V., Mayet, R., Kirtay, M., Hafner, V. V., & Pinkwart, N. (2022). AI-Based Open-Source Gesture Retargeting to a Humanoid Teaching Robot. In M. M. Rodrigo, N. Matsuda, A. I. Cristea, & V. Dimitrova (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence  in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners’ and Doctoral Consortium (pp. 276–279). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11647-6_51
Yun, H. S., Taliaronak, V., Kirtay, M., Chevelère, J., Hübert, H., Hafner, V. V., Pinkwart, N., & Lazarides, R. (2022). Challenges in Designing Teacher Robots with Motivation Based Gestures [Poster]. Workshop on Robot Curiosity in Human-Robot Interaction (RCHRI).
Kirtay, M., Chevalere, J., Lazarides, R., & Hafner, V. V. (2021). Learning in Social Interaction: Perspectives from Psychology and Robotics. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL49984.2021.9515648
Kirtay, M., Oztop, E., Asada, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2021). Modeling robot trust based on emergent emotion in an interactive task. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL49984.2021.9515645
Wudarczyk, O. A., Kirtay, M., Pischedda, D., Hafner, V. V., Haynes, J.-D., Kuhlen, A. K., & Abdel Rahman, R. (2021). Robots facilitate human language production. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 16737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95645-9
Kirtay, M., Oztop, E., Asada, M., & Hafner, V. V. (2021). Trust me! I am a robot: an affective computational account of scaffolding in robot-robot interaction. 2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515494
Landgraf, T., Gebhardt, G. H. W., Bierbach, D., Romanczuk, P., Musiolek, L., Hafner, V. V., & Krause, J. (2021). Animal-in-the-Loop: Using Interactive Robotic Conspecifics to Study Social Behavior in Animal Groups. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, 4(1), 487–507. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061920-103228
Wudarczyk, O. A., Kirtay, M., Kuhlen, A. K., Abdel Rahman, R., Haynes, J.-D., Hafner, V. V., & Pischedda, D. (2021). Bringing Together Robotics, Neuroscience, and Psychology: Lessons Learned From an Interdisciplinary Project. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 630789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.630789
Bierbach, D., Francisco, F., Lukas, J., Landgraf, T., Maxeiner, M., Romanczuk, P., Musiolek, L., Hafner, V. V., & Krause, J. (2021). Biomimetic robots promote the 3Rs Principle in animal testing. The 2021 Conference on Artificial Life. The 2021 Conference on Artificial Life. https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00375
Pischedda, D., Lange, A., Kirtay, M., Wudarczyk, O., Abdel Rahman, R., Hafner, V. V., Kuhlen, A. K., & Haynes, J.-D. (2021). Who is my interlocutor? Partner-specific neural representations during communicative interactions with human or artificial task partners. [Poster]. 5th Virtual Social Interactions (VSI) Conference.
Pischedda, D., Lange, A., Kirtay, M., Wudarczyk, O., Abdel Rahman, R., Hafner, V. V., Kuhlen, A. K., & Haynes, J.-D. (2021). Am I speaking to a human, a robot, or a computer? Neural representations of task partners in communicative interactions with humans or artificial agents [Poster]. Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN).
Kirtay, M., Wudarczyk, O. A., Pischedda, D., Kuhlen, A. K., Rahman, R. A., Haynes, J.-D., & Hafner, V. V. (2020). Modeling robot co-representation: state-of-the-art, open issues, and predictive learning as a possible framework. 2020 Joint IEEE 10th International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL-EpiRob48136.2020.9278031
Mellmann, H., Schlotter, B., Musiolek, L., & Hafner, V. V. (2020). Anticipation as a Mechanism for Complex Behavior in Artificial Agents. The 2020 Conference on Artificial Life, 157–159. https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00314
Musiolek, L., Hafner, V. V., Krause, J., Landgraf, T., & Bierbach, D. (2020). Robofish as Social Partner for Live Guppies. In V. Vouloutsi, A. Mura, F. Tauber, T. Speck, T. J. Prescott, & P. F. M. J. Verschure (Eds.), Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems (pp. 270–274). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64313-3_26

ARTE - July 2024 - 42 - Die Antwort auf fast alles

ZEIT Wissen – February 2026 - Jetzt neu: mit Hirn

WIR SIND HUMBOLDT – September 2020 - Was ist intelligenz?

Adlershof Science at Work Journal – March 2019 - Kommunikation will gelernt sein

Der Tagesspiegel – February 2019 - Von der Natur zum Roboter und zurück

Research

An overview of our scientific work

See our Research Projects